Turbine.



J. F. BRADY'.

TURBINB.

APPLIUATON FILED JULY 20, 1905. BEHEWED JAR. 27. 1908.

1,008,806. Patented Nov. 14. 1911.

@Auto/"Mg UNiTnD STATES PATENT lonirica,

JOHN FRANKLIN BRADY, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 THE COLONIAL TRST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, OP PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA,

A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

TURBINE,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

Application led .Tuly 20, 1935, rial No. 270;.;76. Renewed January 27, 1908. Serial Ifo. 412,804.

To all whom 4it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHX FRAN-.unix BRADY, iiieehauical engineer, a eitizen ot' the United States, and resident of Chicago, 5 county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to blades and varies i0 for elastic fluid turbines.

In the manufacture of elastic fluid turbines of both radial and parallel tlow typ-ef, it is now customary to mount the blades for the rotors and the vanes for the stators in 1-5 annular grooves in the respective elements.

ln some turbines with which l am familiar, the blading material is drawn or rolled or otherwise formed into suitable bars of the desired cross-section and theblades er Yanes are then out oil of the proper-length.

'lhese blades and vanesare then mountedin the annular grooves in the turbine ele-Y ments and are spaced apart in the rows by means 'of spacing elements. The spacing elements are short lengt-hs of rod made like the blades and ot the desired cross-section to hold the blades the proper distance one from the other inthe annular rows.

It has been customary in seine makes of turbines, such as the Parsons turbines. to assemble the blades and Yanes and spacing eleiiients separately; that is, ene at a time, and thereafter to calli or fuller the spacing elements so that they spread, thereby gripping the -walls of the slots or grooves and bases of the blades or vanes. lVith this method it will be seen that it is necessary first to machine the turbine blade-holdingelement, suoli as the rotor or stator, and to form therein the annular grooves, slots or recesses for the reception of the blades or Yanes. The individually formed blades and spacing elements are then mount-ed separately and individually in th1 grooves, and, during the mounting, the spacing elements are slightly fullered in order that a complete row, or a desired portion of a.' row,-

niay be assembled and held in place. After this, it is necessary to go over the row again and again fuller or calk the spacing elements permanently; that is, sui'licient pressure must be applied to the upper-or exposed portion of each spacing element after ,in one side thereof; blades or vanos are ,placed withinv the slots between the teeth Vin said Patent No. 655,414, but all with the row is completely filled, or a desired portion thereof, to spread the. spacing elements transversely to the applied pressure sufficiently to lill the grooves or slots and to grip the walls of the adjacent blades or vanes, so that they will be held lirmly against the vibration and centrifugal orces lencountered.v lVhile this method has been practiced to a large extent, ithasbeen found 'to be more or less objectionable in the assembling of turbines and it has further been tound that repairs in the eld, suoli as the treplacement of blades or vanesz' are made with greatdifiieulty.

In order to overcome many of the diliiculvties .in practicing the above method and in :order to form blade strips or partlal rings,

semi-circles or segiii'ents, lifes-srs. Parsons, Stoney and Fullagar, as illustrated in United` States Patent. No. 655,414 utilize a base or foundation ring having teeth milled and the teeth are bent over to grip the bases of the blades or vanes. These blade strips or assembled groups permit the use ot' rolled or drawn blading material of the proper cross-section, such :is had been used in the metli'od utilizing the separately formed 'spacingelements and facilitated the manufacture of turbines by .permitting the assembled groups of blades or varies to be finished readyjor insertion in the grooves of the blade-h'qlding-elements while said Eelements were being finished to receive the saine.

Since Messrs. Parsons., Stoney and Fullagar made their invention in assembled groups of blades, numerous other attempts have. been made to form 4assembled groups which would be superior to those illustrated which l am familiar have utilized one or more ba or foundation strips necessitating accurate and expensive machine work and most of them require the deformation of the blade or Vane roots oi bases.

An object of this invention 'is to provide means for uniting separately formed blades or vanes and spacing elements into assembled groups or strips ready for mounting in the turbine elements; and for providing means for anchoring the collectively inserted blades or vanos forming the groupsex" stri s in place in the blade or vane-holding-e ements of the turbine.

With this invention the blades and spec ing elements are tol-'med just as thev are for the method heretofore largely used in tbe Parsons type of turbines; that is, the blades. vanos and spacing elements are out from stock which is either i'f'rawn or rolled, 1o or otherwise formed. into 1 at' the proper crosssection. @ne cnil of caen blade or vane and each spacing element has a hole extending; through itfroxn :sont to back; the. hole mrv be. either punched or drilled, as Adesir-ed. The punched or drilled blades or venes and sparing velements then assembled on :ed or Wire which, when it contains the desired number to Vform a group or snip, may have its ends upset or riveted in order thaty the grup or strip will be more or less rigid in its nat-ure.

In the drawings, throughout. which like parts are designated by similar characters; Figure l is a fragmentary View of one of the blade or vane-b@Ming-elements of a radial tiow turbine taken cn line l-l of Fig. 3 showing in section the blades or vanes of the other blade or vane-holding-element of the turbine; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 22 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 1s a sectional vie-W 'on line 3-3 of Fig. l; Figs. 4 and 5 are detail perspective views of rod from which spacing elements and blades of the proper lengths may be out, as shown by dotted lines in said gure; Fig. 6 is a View in perspective o a finished spacingr element; Fig. 7 is a View in perspective of a finished blade or vane; and, Fig. 8 is a detail perspective' View of a. blade or vane interposed 40fbetween two spacing elements; this View illust-rates the manner of assembling the blades or vanos and spacing elements upon a rod or wire to form assembled groups or strips.

ln carrying out this invention, the assembled grouas or strips may be of any desired lengiL; toa-t is, they may include any desired number of blades or Yanes and spacers and mayeither be formed curved or straight..

s illustrated in Figs. i, 2 and 3, the invention is shown as applied to a turbine of the radial flow. type.. lowiil oe under stood, however. that I do noi, Wish to be limited to this type of turbine, as .the invention is equally applicable to turbines of the parallel Eow type. The blade and vaneholdingeiements-both being desigmated by numeral l--are provided with annular slots or recesses int-o which the assembled groups',

o. made up ofbiades or vases 3 andsnecing elements 4, are inserted. Each of the'blades or vines 3 is provided with a. punched or 'drilled hole While the'spacing elements r are provided with a similar hole The iriledes or, vanos and spacing elements are arranged in alternate order on the rod or wire 7. lf desired, the hole through ilse spacing elements located at opposite ends of group or strip may be enlarged to re` eeive the upset ends of the T.rire or rod.` In 7o radial flow turbines, after the blade groups or strips have been inserted, i dcsirably anchor the same in place by the application of a suitable punch which may be applied at the juncture of the margins of the Spacing 7 elements and the walls of the slots or re- Cesses, as illustrated in Fig. l. In parallel flow turbines, the assembled groups may be secured Within thc'grooves in slots of tiie turbine element in any Well-known manner; the si cers may be fnllered or callied, or a soft metal strip may be plated alongside y the gmups in the groove or slot and the strip callced as described in the Parsons, Stoney and Fullagar Patent. No. 655,414. lg5

In accordance with the provisions 'of the patent statutes, l have described one means of carrying out; my invention, together with the product 'irnich I now consider to representtlxc best embodiment. thereof, butl de-l so sire to have it `understood that the productl shown is only illustrative' and that the invention can be carried out byother means.

I would further have. it understood that. the term blades7 is intended to include 9e vanos or similar elements either in the stator or rotor.

What l claim is:

l. An assembled group of blades for use in turbin... comprising blades, separate spacing elements and ,means for uniting the same in alternate order.

2. An assembled group of turbine blades consisting of blades and spacing members mounted and arranged in alternate order upon a rofl. or Wire.

3. An assembled group of turbine blades consisting of blades, a binding member extending longitudinally of said group and to which said blades are attached and means for spacing said blades.

4. A. pluralitjY ot alternately arranged blades with separate spacing elements in combination with a binding member ex tending'- througli holes provided in the 115 blades and in the spacing pieces.

5. .in combination with a-turbine blade holding-element,' an assembled group of blades comprising blades, separate spacing elements, means for uniting the same in 12o allernate order and means for anchoring the assembled group to the blade holdingelen at. In a turbine, t ie cdrnbinaton of a blade l 'ling-element y rovided with a recess, a '125 i rality' of blancs and spacing elements,

i ans uniting the samedn alternato order e. 'l means for anchoring the united parts i; said recess.

In a; turbine, the combination of a blade spacing elements and said blades approxiholding-member provided with a recess, a plurality of alternately disposed blades and spacing elements united by a wire or rod i and means for anchoring the united parts within said recess.

8. In a turbine.` the' combination of a blade holding member provided with a recess7 a plurality of blades and spacing elements. means uniting said blades or Yanes and spacing elements in alternate order and means for anchoring said'spacing elements in said recess.

9. ln a. turbine, the combination ofa blfffle holding-element, a. plurality of blades and spacers, means for uniting the blades and spacers into an assembled group independent of the blade-holding element and means for anchoring said assembled group to tl e blade-holding-element.

l0. In a turbine, the combination of a blade holding-member, a. plurality of blades and spacing clements,`ineans engaging said mately at the base thereof for uniting the same into an assembled group and means for securing said gi-gulp in operative position upon said blade holding member.

il. ln combination in a turbine, a blade holding-element, blades comprised in a row. spacing pieces located between the ends of the blades of said row and having faces conforming in contour with the concave and convex faces of the blades and a-binding member passing through the blades' and spacing pieces.

l2. In combination in aturbine, a blade holding-element provided with a recess.y blades comprised in a row, spacingl pieces located within said recess between the ends of the blades and haring faces conforming in contour to the concave and convex faces of the blades and a binding member passing through the blads and spacing pieces and located within said recess.

13. In .a turbine, a blade holding-element. blades of Yanes extending therefrom, a binder strip passing through the blades and separate spacing elements mounted on said strip between the adjacentblades.

ll. An assembled group of turbine blades consisting of, blades, spacing means and a wire or rod for locking said blades to said spacingr means.

l5. An assembled group of turbine blades eonsistino of blades s ein means and an agent, independent of said spacing meanss, for locking said blades to said spacing means.

16. A plurality of alternate blades and intermediate spacing' pieces comprised in a row, a binding member projectingr through holes provided inthe bases of the blades and in the spacing pieces for uniting the blades and the sl'iacinrY pieces together.

17. A plurality of alternateliy arranged blades and intermediate spacinpT pieces com- -prised in a row and means ext-ending through holes provided in said blades for unitingr the blades and the spacing pieces together.

l5. A pluralitjv of blades comprised in a. row.- intermediate spacing pieces located betweenl adjacent blades and provided with facesconforming in contour with the contour of the ,contacting faces of the blades and means for securing said blades and said pieces into an assembled row.

l5). A substantiallj.r flexible bladed strip ready for insertion in a tullm-imicbine groove comprising blades. separate distance pieces and substantially flexible connecting means which are of less width than the roots of the blades.

20. The herein described nerl article .of'

by the ends of said blades and said spacers being shaped to fit the groove ot a turbine member, substantially. as described.

A substantially flexible bladed strip ready for insertion in a turbo-mzu-hine groove, comprising blades. separate distance pieces and substantially fiexible connecting-j means introduced into the distance pieces and roots of the blades.

In testimonyv whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN FRANKLIN BR DY.

Witnesses Cana H. Caawronn,

CLARA HEYMANN.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents nach, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C. 

